'The Queen's Theatre, Adelaide', portion of an address by Mr G.L. Fischer, to the Pioneers' Association of South Australia, 27 September 1989.

Transcript of audiocassette 003A in the Borrow Collection, Flinders University Library

Biodiesel via in situ wet microalgae biotransformation: Zwitter-type ionic liquid supported extraction and transesterification

The production of biodiesel derived from microalgae is among the most forthcoming technologies that provide an ecologic alternative to fossil fuels. Herein, a method was developed that enables the direct extraction and conversion of algal oil to biodiesel without prior isolation. The reaction occurs in aqueous media catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozyme 435). Zwitter-type ionic liquids were used as cocatalyst to improve the selectivity and reactivity of the enzyme. In a model reaction with sunflower oil, 64% biodiesel was obtained. Applying this method to a slurry of whole-cell Chlorella zof ingiensis in water resulted in 74.8% of lipid extraction, with 27.7% biotransformation products and up to 16% biodiesel. Factors that reduced the lipase activity with whole-cell algae were subsequently probed and discussed. This "in situ" method shows an improvement to existing methods, since it integrates the oil extraction and conversion into an one-pot procedure in aqueous conditions. The extraction is nondisruptive, and is a model for a greener algae to biodiesel process

Insights From New Age Constraints and Sediment Volumes From the Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin

Detailed characterization of variations in sediment architecture, flux, and transport processes in peri-orogenic basins offers insights into external climatic or tectonic forcings. We tested how four well-known tectonic/erosional events in the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine source area are recorded in the sediment-accumulation rates (SARs) of the deep marine sink in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB): exhumation of the Lepontine Dome (starting at 30 Ma) and the Tauern Window (23-21 Ma), erosion of the Augenstein Formation (∼21 Ma), and the visco-elastic relaxation of the European Plate. The Upper Austrian NAFB offers a unique opportunity to investigate external forcings on sedimentary infill due to the large amount of data on the Alpine hinterland and foreland. Deep-marine sedimentation, forming the Puchkirchen Group and the basal Hall Formation, was controlled by a basin-axial submarine channel (3–5 km wide, >100 km length). Two basin-wide unconformities were recognized in seismic-reflection data: the Northern Slope Unconformity (NSU) and the Base Hall Unconformity (BHU). We combine biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic analyses of 316 drill-cutting samples from three wells with a large 3D-seismic-reflection data set (3300 km2, >5 km depth) to determine age and duration of the unconformities and to calculate spatially averaged SARs for the submarine channel and its overbanks, separately. Deepening of the basin, recorded by the NSU, occurred between 28.1 and 26.9 Ma. The Puchkirchen Group (26.9–19.6 Ma) is characterized by constant SARs (within standard deviation) in the channel [432–623 (t/m2/Ma)] and on the overbanks [240–340 (t/m2/Ma)]. The visco-elastic relaxation of the European Plate results in low SARs on the overbanks [186 (t/m2/Ma)], a decrease in sediment grain size in channel deposits and a decrease in sea level at the BHU (19.6–19.0 Ma). In the upper Hall Formation (19.0–18.1 Ma), clinoforms prograding from the south filled up the basin [1497 (t/m2/Ma)] within 1 Myrs. We conclude that only two of the tectonic signals are recorded in this part of the deep-marine sink, erosion of Augenstein Formation and visco-elastic relaxation of the European Plate; the exhumation of the Tauern Window and Lepontine Dome remain unrecorded

Structure of 3,4-Dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-Phosphate Synthase from Methanococcus jannaschii in Complex with Divalent Metal Ions and the Substrate Ribulose 5-Phosphate: implications for the catalytic mechanism

Skeletal rearrangements of carbohydrates are crucial for many biosynthetic pathways. In riboflavin biosynthesis ribulose 5-phosphate is converted into 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate while its C4 atom is released as formate in a sequence of metal-dependent reactions. Here, we present the crystal structure of Methanococcus jannaschii 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase in complex with the substrate ribulose 5-phosphate at a dimetal center presumably consisting of non-catalytic zinc and calcium ions at 1.7-Å resolution. The carbonyl group (O2) and two out of three free hydroxyl groups (OH3 and OH4) of the substrate are metal-coordinated. We correlate previous mutational studies on this enzyme with the present structural results. Residues of the first coordination sphere involved in metal binding are indispensable for catalytic activity. Only Glu-185 of the second coordination sphere cannot be replaced without complete loss of activity. It contacts the C3 hydrogen atom directly and probably initiates enediol formation in concert with both metal ions to start the reaction sequence. Mechanistic similarities to Rubisco acting on the similar substrate ribulose 1,5-diphosphate in carbon dioxide fixation as well as other carbohydrate (reducto-) isomerases are discussed

Intervención fisioterapéutica a pacientes disfónicos con alteraciones musculoesquelética del raquis cervical, que asisten a rehabilitación física. Hospital Escuela Regional Santiago de Jinotepe. Agosto–Diciembre 2015

La comunicación, es la capacidad únicamente humana que constituye uno de los principales atributos de nuestra especie, la complejidad de esta función nos ha permitido establecer bases fundamentales para el desarrollo, potencializar esta herramienta constituye la carta de identidad de la personas, sus expresiones, emociones y características, que dependen en gran medida del contexto en el que es producida. El estudio de las patologías de la emisión de la voz dentro de la Ciencia Médica es un terreno muy amplio que abarca diferentes trastornos, la más frecuente es la Disfonía. El presente estudio que lleva como tema: Evaluación de resultados de protocolos de tratamiento y como subtema: Intervención fisioterapéutica a pacientes disfónicos con alteraciones musculoesquelética del raquis cervical, que asisten a rehabilitación física. Hospital Escuela Regional Santiago de Jinotepe. Agosto – Diciembre 2015. Los objetivos propuestos fueron: Caracterizar según datos demográficos a los pacientes en estudio, Identificar los antecedentes clínicos de los pacientes con disfonía, Evaluar a los pacientes con disfonía pre intervención, a través de las Exploración musculoesquelética y eficacia de la respiración, Determinar la evolución de los pacientes por medio de valoraciones post intervenciones. Su alcance es de tipo descriptivo puesto que identifica las características demográficas, antecedentes clínicos personales, las pre y post valoraciones fisioterapéuticas musculoesquelética y eficacia de la respiración, herramientas elaboradas por los investigadores y validada por los expertos, medico fisiatra y Licenciados en Fisioterapia, con el propósito del acercamiento y empoderamiento de información del diagnóstico en estudio. Es prospectivo según registra los hechos en el momento, con un enfoque mixto que fortalece los procesos sistemáticos, empíricos y críticos de análisis de los hallazgos y de corte transversal ya que analizaron los hechos en un periodo corto de tiempo Agosto - Diciembre del 2015. Está conformado pun un universo de 30 personas y un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia de 10 personas. Realizamos un pilotaje que constó de una fase, dando como resultado final el modelo de Evaluación que fue aplicado a los pacientes que conformaron la muestra del estudio. Para la recolección de la información se hizo mediante la aplicación del modelo de evaluación resultante del pilotaje se realizó una base de datos en el programa estadístico de SPSS 22 y office Excel 2010, con el objetivo de analizar y presentar los datos, representados en tablas de frecuencia y porcentaje, gráficos de barras simples en el programa de Power Point 2010. Lo resultados obtenidos fueron: que se realizó una relación demográficamente a los pacientes estudiados, en los antecedentes clínicos personales de los pacientes se identificó una congruencia de las teorías consultadas con la realidad, se realizó las evaluaciones pre y post intervenciones musculoesquelética y la evaluación respiratoria, encontrando así el análisis de los resultados presentados

Genomic Scans Support Repetitive Continental Colonization Events during the Rapid Radiation of Voles (Rodentia: Microtus): the Utility of AFLPs versus Mitochondrial and Nuclear Sequence Markers

Single locus studies might not resolve phylogenetic relationships and the evolutionary history of taxa. The analysis of multiple markers promises higher resolution, and congruence among loci may indicate that the phylogenies represent the underlying species history. Here, we examine the utility of a genome-wide approach based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and several DNA sequence markers in resolving phylogenetic signals in the rapidly radiating rodent genus Microtus which produced about 70 vole species within the last 1.2-2 myr. The current Holarctic distribution of Microtus is assumed to have resulted from three independent colonization events out of Asia to North America, Europe, and northern Asia without subsequent colonization, which would have led to deep splits between species from different continents. We investigated this hypothesis of three single colonization events by reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships among species from all three continents based on data from the first exon of the nuclear arginine vasopressin receptor 1a gene (EXON1), an adjacent noncoding region and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The phylogenetic patterns obtained from these sequence markers are contrasted to genome-wide data on more than 1800 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) analyzed for the same samples. Our results show that the single sequence markers partially resolve the phylogenetic relationships within Microtus, but with some incongruence mostly between EXON1 and the other loci. However, deeper nodes of the radiation are only weakly supported and neither the combination of the markers nor additional nuclear sequences improved the resolution significantly. AFLPs provided much stronger support for major continent-specific clades, and show also that reciprocal monophyly of American and European voles is incomplete. Our results demonstrate that Microtus voles colonized the American and European continents each repeatedly in several independent events on similar colonization routes during their radiation. More generally, this study supports the suitability of AFLPs as an alternative to sequence markers to resolve the evolutionary history of rapidly radiating tax